magic is happening
are witches real?
Let's plunge into the atmosphere of magic and mystery of Europe of XIV-XVII centuries?
I offer to learn fascinating stories, facts and legends about the witches of that time. Let's sink into the world of faith, superstition, rituals and spells right now!
Medieval mystery:
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It was believed that witches were servants of the devil, enemies of the Christian faith, and could harm other people and bring disaster to the household. This fear was supported by stories about black magic and sacrifices associated with witches' activities.
People were afraid of witches because of beliefs about their ability to use magic and witchcraft. They wanted to realise why all their misfortunes were happening to them.
Why were people afraid of witches?
Witch
a woman who practices magic, witchcraft, and has entered into an alliance with the devil.
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In 1487, the Catholic inquisitors Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger wrote a treatise on demonology, Malleus Maleficarum («The Hammer of the Witches»).
«The Hammer of witches»
What was written about in the treatise?
How to recognize a witch and prove her guilt?
Evidence that women witchcraft is more common than men.
Refution doubts about the existence of witches and the absence of witchcraft.
Description of methods how to fight witches.
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The process of identification of a witch in the 15th and 17th centuries was based on the superstitions of the time.
What were they like?
It was assumed that the witch's appearance is unusual and different from other people.
It was believed that witches are able to change their appearance. They can turn from a beautiful girl into an old woman and vice versa, get to places where a normal person can not get to.
Unusual eye color
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Unnaturally pale skin
Mesmerizing gaze
Expressive lips
Red hair
Witch hunt
The «The Hammer of witches» was released at the beginning of the practice of mass printing by Johannes Gutenberg.
Common distribution of the treatise subsequently caused hysteria among citizens and initiated a widespread witch hunt.
The most common victims of witch hunts were women, but there were also men who were believed to be involved in witchcraft by a lust for power. Witch hunts often led to mass chases, torture and murder of suspects.
Most often the hunt was initiated by the church and by the state, but ordinary people who believed in magic also participated in this process.
Many people believed that witches had magical brooms on which they could travel, most often to Satan's gatherings.
Witches were also able to cure people using folk healing methods. Certainly, it raised suspicions and accusations.
In the Middle Ages a series of trials (tortures) were performed in order to prove a person's guilt of witchcraft and to recognize her/him as a witch or a sorcerer. Thus, victims were making confessions under extreme pressure.
Witch trials
Witches and warlocks often had a familiar — a diabolical essence in animal form that helps and serves to his master, for example a cat, a raven or a toad. Thus, the presence of familiar also contributed to reveal a witch.
A familiar
A widespread method for identification of witch was "trial by water". A tied up woman was thrown to the river. If she sank she was considered innocent because so clear substance as water has taken her. If the unhappy victim didn’t sink she was considered guilty of witchcraft.
«Trial by water»
Another method to reveal a witch was to prick a suspect woman with a pin or needle. If blood didn’t begin dripping from the puncture site, her guilt was confirmed.
A pin
In the medieval times it was believed that witch sells her soul to the devil in exchange for immortality. Subsequently a "devil mark" appears on her body. Any spot on her body could be taken as the devil mark, for example a birthmark, a mole or a skin defect. Searching for this spot women could be forcibly stripped and be given a crew cut.
«Devil mark»
Witches were executed by burning at the stake or hanging. Death at fire was bloodless, so it was considered pure. The victim was forgiven and given a chance for eternal life.
Burning of witches
One less witch!
Let her answer for her actions!
She made our children suffer! The witch deserved it!
To the fire!
The Salem witches
Four years later, the court officially considered those trials incorrect, and finally in 1702 they were declared illegal.
The Salem Witch Hunt is one of the most famous witch hunts in the history.
It was decided that the reason of the illness was due to the effects of witchcraft. A little later the girls pointed to an alleged witch. These events led to mass hysteria. As a result many people arrested, accused of witchcraft and put on trial.
In Salem village in New England strange events took place in 1692. Several girls one after another had developed an unknown desease: they screamed, made strange noises and their bodies were wriggling. The girls complained of being pinched and pricked with pins. When the priest read them a prayer, they covered their ears and ran away.
About 150 people were imprisoned during the Salem witch trials. Thirty-one people were convicted. Nineteen of them (14 women and 5 men) were hanged, two died in prison, one man died under torture and seven were sentenced to hang but were given reprieves and later acquitted.
The witch hunt is over
The last witch in Europe died in 1782 in Switzerland. She was beheaded.
The history of witches and their cruel executions reveals the dark pages of the past, when people were cruelly accused and burned on fires due to superstitions and fear. Many victims of witch-hunting were innocent and were subjected to utter inhumanity.
At the present time, many people studying the subject conclude that such judicial measures were unjust. In modern society witches are perceived as a part of folklore and literature and also an idea underlying the symbolism of many works of art.
The witches are finally gone!
Yes, we'll have a lot less misery now!
We don't have to fear anymore and live in peace!
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The non-commercial project was made at the course of creative layout and animation by Ania Melnyk.
Tatyana Basharina
